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Ito Toyo Leads Japan's Architectural Vision

In 2016, the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York presented a fascinating exhibit called *‘Japan’s Constellation: Ito Toyo, SANAA, and Beyond,’* which examined modern Japanese architecture. The name of the exhibition did not signify Japan's "stars" but rather its "constellation," suggesting that various architects were linked together like stars in the night sky. How did the American art community view the relationships among Japan's contemporary architects?
At the heart of this constellation is Ito Toyo. Born in Seoul in 1941, he has been at the helm of *Ito Toyo Architect & Associates* since 1971. In 2013, he was awarded the Pritzker Prize, frequently referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture. His student, Sejima Kazuyo, worked at Ito's office during the early 1980s before co-founding SANAA (Sejima and Nishizawa and Associates) with Nishizawa Ryue. This group also became a prominent force in global architecture after winning the Pritzker Prize in 2010. Hirata Akihisa, who was employed at Ito's office in the 1990s, recently gained recognition for his intricate structure known as *Harakado*. Junya Ishigami, who joined Sejima's office in the early 2000s, also found his place within this constellation. Although not directly connected as a master and apprentice, Sou Fujimoto is also regarded as a successor to Ito and Sejima, and is part of this constellation. Fujimoto designed the *Grand Ring*, a significant symbol for the 2025 Expo.
This is not everything. The British architectural pair associated with *Klein Dytham Architecture*, who created Tokyo's well-known cultural hub *T-site* in Daikanyama, previously collaborated at Ito's office. This truly represents a gathering of prominent figures. In South Korea, the works of Tadao Ando and Kengo Kuma, Japan's internationally recognized architects, are familiar, yet terms such as "Ando faction" or "Kuma family" are unknown. In comparison, Ito has been described with the term "constellation" to refer to himself and his students. What caused this distinction?
In 2011, he founded *Ito Juku*, an architectural institution that operates as a non-profit organization. The English name *ITO* represents *Initiative for Tomorrow’s Opportunities in architecture*. At this school, aspiring architects receive training not only in design but also in transforming their concepts into real-world projects. Additionally, the school works with local government representatives on urban and rural development initiatives and provides educational activities for children, with the goal of fostering architectural aspirations from a young age.
Interestingly, at the same time *Ito Juku* was established, the Great East Japan Earthquake took place. Ito spearheaded the *Home for All* initiative, developing community spaces with materials from the local area and minimalist designs. His commitment to social responsibility through *Ito Juku* was widely recognized and played a key role in securing the Golden Lion award at the Venice Biennale in 2012.
Usually, architectural firms function via apprenticeship systems. *Ito Juku*, nevertheless, went beyond this by evolving into a platform and center that links public education, regional renewal, and exhibitions. This is why MoMA described it as a "constellation."
Although personal excellence holds significance, fostering talent proves even more essential. Matsushita Konosuke, the founder of Panasonic, created the *Matsushita Keieikatei*, commonly known as a political leadership academy, aimed at developing future political and economic leaders and promoting his philosophy of Peace, Happiness, and Prosperity (PHP). Sanae Takaichi, who has recently been named Japan's Prime Minister, is an alumnus of this institution, bringing renewed interest. In South Korea, organizations such as *Geonmyeongwon* and *Gamidang* are led by renowned philosophers and classical scholars. It is wished that these efforts will grow beyond the humanities and extend into practical areas.
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