French Prime Minister Survives No-Confidence Vote on Austerity Plan

The sudden resignation of a new prime minister succeeding a censured premier, the reappointment of the resigned prime minister, and another ...

The sudden resignation of a new prime minister succeeding a censured premier, the reappointment of the resigned prime minister, and another subsequent vote of no confidence—all unfolded within just ten days. French politics has been swept into a dramatic vortex due to extreme political conflicts over next year’s austerity budget bill, pension reform, and President Emmanuel Macron’s leadership.

The French National Assembly held a no-confidence vote on the prime minister at 11 a.m. on the 16th, proposed by the far-left Unbowed France (LFI) and the far-right National Rally (RN). While a majority of 289 votes out of 577 seats was required, the motions garnered only 271 and 144 votes, respectively, failing to pass. The majority of Socialist Party (PS) lawmakers abstaining from the vote proved decisive. Consequently, Prime Minister Le Cornu narrowly avoided dismissal and can now proceed with pushing forward key state affairs, including the contentious austerity budget bill that triggered the political turmoil.

France has now experienced three censured prime ministers within 11 months. Last December, Michel Barnier was censured while advancing this year’s austerity budget. His successor, François Bayrou’s government, was also censured by the parliament on the 9th of last month while promoting next year’s austerity plan. Le Cornu, the newly appointed prime minister, announced his cabinet lineup on the 5th of this month, but opposition parties rejected cooperation, stating, “Nothing has changed from the previous government.” Le Cornu resigned the very next day. President Macron then reappointed Le Cornu as prime minister on the 10th, prompting immediate backlash as LFI and RN submitted no-confidence motions to the assembly.

To break the political deadlock, Le Cornu played a high-stakes card by proposing to “halt pension reform.” This was an attempt to win over the PS, which holds 65 seats in the assembly and acts as a ‘casting vote.’ Opposition parties have consistently criticized Macron’s government over the 2023 pension reform, which aimed to extend the retirement age by two years (from 62 to 64). The PS leadership had previously indicated a willingness to cooperate politically if Macron abandoned the reform to prevent the rise of LFI and RN.

However, the outcome of the no-confidence vote remained unpredictable as hardliners within the right-wing Republican Party (LR) aligned with RN to support censure, while some within the PS also defied their leadership. Ultimately, moderate factions on both the left and right recognized that another government collapse due to a no-confidence vote would exacerbate political and social instability and severely damage France’s national credibility. Major French media analyzed that this shared understanding led moderates to support the government, trusting the promise to halt pension reform.

Since the ruling party lost its majority in last year’s snap election, the French parliament remains fragmented, with no single bloc holding a majority. The pro-government coalition holds 212 seats, the left-wing coalition (New Popular Front) 182, and RN 123. Amid this, President Macron’s leadership has been criticized as “authoritarian,” and his pro-business policies, touted as “strengthening national competitiveness,” have faced public backlash. This has led to shifting political alliances driven by each party’s interests, fueling instability in French politics.

While the immediate crisis has passed, many analysts argue that “the real crisis is just beginning.” The European Union (EU) has warned that delaying pension reform could negatively impact France’s fiscal deficit (5.5% of GDP), and credit rating agency Fitch has announced a review next month. Le Cornu’s cabinet must now revise the 2026 austerity budget under conditional cooperation with the PS. Le Monde commented, “The Macron government’s reform momentum has effectively come to a halt.”