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UBTECH's Humanoid Robot Self-Replaces Battery for Indefinite Work
“The biggest advantage of this friend is that it can work ‘007 (0 o’clock to 0 o’clock, seven days a week),’” said Lao, a publicity official at UBTECH, a humanoid (human-shaped) robot company in Shenzhen, China, whom we met on the morning of the 17th of last month. Standing 176 cm tall and weighing 70 kg, this robot can replace its own battery and work “indefinitely.” It takes three minutes to fold and bend its two arms, yoga-style, remove the battery attached to its back, and replace it with a new one. When electricity flows coolly through its entire body again, a blue circle appears on its face.
While a human’s waist can rotate about 40 degrees left and right, the S2’s waist can rotate 162 degrees. One finger can exert a gripping force of 1 kg, and one hand with five fingers can grip 7.5 kg. Based on these “physical capabilities,” it walks and crouches like a human in factories, moves boxes, classifies items with “eyes” that distinguish colors, and conducts quality inspections.
UBTECH, founded in 2012 by CEO Zhou Jian, 49, known as the “father of Chinese humanoid robots,” is the company with the fastest commercialization speed for industrial robots in the world. Three years after releasing a prototype with only a torso and legs in 2016, it unveiled the second generation (1.45 m tall, 77 kg) with a face and arms. Since last year, it has deployed Walker series robots in factories of electric vehicle makers BYD and Geely, and Foxconn, the contract manufacturer for Apple’s iPhones, ushering in the era of “large corporate production line” robots. As the only publicly listed Chinese humanoid robot company, it was listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange in 2023. Its market capitalization is 63 billion Hong Kong dollars (approximately 11.3 trillion Korean won). Of its 2,000 employees, 40% are master’s and doctoral degree holders in robotics, and 36% of its revenue is invested in research and development (R&D).
UBTECH, which is accelerating the supply of industrial robots, is one of the two pillars of China’s humanoid robot industry, along with Unitree, which specializes in service robots. While its annual humanoid robot sales last year were only 10 units, it is expected to sell 500 units this year, earning evaluations that it is opening the first year of commercialization. HSBC forecasts that UBTECH’s humanoid robot sales will grow at an average annual rate of 131%, surpassing 2.5 billion yuan (approximately 500 billion Korean won) in 2027. A Beijing investment expert said, “Just like Huawei in semiconductors and Baidu in autonomous driving, UBTECH is the protagonist of the technology development scenario led by the state.”
UBTECH is also considered a representative achievement of the “Team China” strategy, which secures advanced technologies through state-led industry-academia-research collaboration. Founder Zhou Jian, who entered the robot development field after attending a robot exhibition in Japan in 2008, gained momentum in his business by leveraging “Made in China 2025,” China’s advanced technology development strategy in 2015. In 2016, much earlier than Unitree, which showcased a well-coordinated robot group dance at the state-run CCTV Spring Festival Gala, UBTECH received the “special favor” of having 540 of its robots appear on that stage. UBTECH, certified as a national champion enterprise for its robot dance, received a total investment of 820 million dollars from Tencent and others. It quickly rose to the top of the industry by separately supplying humanoid robot models for enterprise and research use.
In 2023, when the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) announced the “Opinions on Promoting the Innovative Development of Humanoid Robots (Mass Production Target for 2025),” UBTECH led the establishment of the “Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center” by gathering top 10 industry players such as EZRobot and Xiaomi Robot. The center, elevated to a national-level institution in October of last year, aims to share software and data essential for humanoid robots among companies. Chinese economic media Dongfang Caifu evaluated, “The Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center greatly helped UBTECH overcome technological difficulties and expand commercialization.”
Since last year, BYD, Geely, and Foxconn, among others, have introduced UBTECH robots into production sites, providing test environments and accelerating commercialization. Through this process, UBTECH acquired learning data related to robot mobility. In April of this year, UBTECH’s robot “Tian Gong Ultra” proved its durability by placing first in the world’s first humanoid robot half-marathon held in Beijing. In an interview with Chinese media, UBTECH’s Chief Brand Officer (CBO) said, “Our company no longer obsesses over CES (the world’s largest IT exhibition),” adding, “No humanoid robot’s achievements can surpass our past.”
UBTECH is also competing to preempt global standards by establishing joint ventures overseas. It is pushing forward with plans to build large-scale factories and R&D centers in the Middle East. If Chinese companies preempt the global market in fields where international industrial standards have not yet been established, Western companies may find it difficult to target the global market without following the Chinese-style network.
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